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Fireworks
| Fireworks are classified as low explosive devices and form a distinct variety of pyrotechnics, whose definition also generally includes devices for military and industrial use. Fireworks are primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They take many forms to produce the four primary effects: noise, light, smoke, and floating materials (confetti for example). They may be designed to burn with colored flames and sparks. Displays are common throughout the world and are the focal point of many different cultural and religious celebrations. |
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Creating firework colors is a complex endeavor, requiring considerable art and application of physical science. Excluding propellants or special effects, the points of light ejected from fireworks, termed 'stars', generally require an oxygen-producer, fuel, binder (to keep everything where it needs to be), and color producer. There are two main mechanisms of color production in fireworks, incandescence and luminescence.
Today's most awesome fireworks show pack more "ouus" and "ahs" than ever before. The sight of whole batteries of display shells being launches is matched only in the sky by the chest thumping blasts of exploding color. Skilled pyro technicians have brought computers and electronic igniters to their time honored art to create these amazing displays of pyro wizardry.
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Fireworks are generally classified as to where they perform, either as a ground or aerial firework. In the latter case they may provide their own propulsion (skyrocket) or be shot into the air by a mortar (aerial shell).
Whether it's in the form of an exploding firework or a burning cigarette, combustion is merely some material rapidly combining with oxygen. Well, maybe that's stating it too simply. |
Combustion turns out to be a complex interaction between molecules -- even the burning of a simple five-atom molecule can involve more than 100 individual chemical reactions. And if you take a look at the burning of organic matter such as tobacco and wood, which contain long molecules of intricately arranged atoms, the interactions are substantially more involved.
The most common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube or casing filled with the combustible material, often pyrotechnic stars. A number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of sparkling shapes, often variously coloured. The skyrocket is a common form of firework, however, the first skyrockets were used in war. The aerial shell is the backbone of today's commercial aerial display, a smaller version for consumer use is known as the festival ball in the United States.
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