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History of Pyrotechnics
A long series of develepments had
led up to this point, developments
whose beginnings are to be found in
the invention of gunpowder in China.
The first application of this technology was for entertainment. Slowly the theory took roots that this loud sound was perfect to chase away evil spirits and to celebrate weddings, victories in battles, eclipses of moon and religious ceremonies. |
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Once the recipe for black powder was perfected, they found that it was easily used as rocket fuel, and they made hand carved wooden rockets in the shape of a dgoran, in the sixth century. These rockets shot rocket powered arrows from their mouth, and were used against the Mongol invaders of 1279. The principle behind these rockets is still used in rocket powered fireworks today.
Through adventurous explorers, the knowledge of making fireworks spread west, through Arabia in the seventh century. The Arabs called the rockets Chinese arrows. The Mongols are credited with taking Chinese rockets and gunpowder to Europe around 1241. The first record of their use in Europe are around 1258. Until the 19th century, fireworks lacked a major aesthetically essential characteristic: color. Pyrotechnicians began to use a combination of potassium chlorate and various metallic salts to make brilliant colors. The salts of these metals produce the different colors: strontium burns red; copper makes blue; barium glows green; and sodium, yellow. Magnesium, aluminum, and titanium were found to give off white sparkles or a flash.
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In the 13th century the art of producing
bangs and whistles and fiery lights
was brought to Europe. However, at
first pyrotechnics was only used in
warfare. Later a victory in battle was
followed by a celebratory firework
display. |
By the time of the American Revolution, fireworks had long played a part in celebrating important events. It was natural that not only John Adams, but also many of his countrymen, should think of fireworks when Independence was declared. The very first celebration of Independence Day was in 1777, six years before Americans knew whether the new nation would even survive the war, and fireworks were a part of the revels.
American's spirit of celebration continued to grow and fireworks became more popular than ever. In the late 18th Century, politicans used displays to attract crowds to their speeches.
Untill the 19th century, fireworks lacked a major aestheticly essential characteristic: color. Pyrotechnicians began to use a combination of potassium chlorate and various metallic salts to make brilliant colors. The salts of these metals produce the different colors: strontium burns red; copper makes blue; barium glows green; and sodium, yellow. Magnesium, aluminum, and titanium were found to give off white sparkles or a flash.
In 1892, a 400 year celebration of Columbus landing on America's shores lit up the Brooklyn Bridge. Over one million people witnesses the event which was considered the greatest show ever seen in the Western Hempisphere.
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